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    TOPIC: COMPARISON BETWEEN         ROBINSON CRUSOE AND GULLIVER’S   TRAVELS

    NAME: AMI SOJITRA

    COURSE:THE NEO-CLASSICAL LITERATURE

    EMAIL-ID: amisojitra23@gmail.com

    ROLL NO.:34

    ENROLLMENT NO.:PG15101034

    SUBMITTED TO: SMT.S.B.GARDI DEPERTMENT OF ENGLISH(MKBU)

Comparison between “Robinson Crusoe” and “Gulliver’s Travels”

Introduction

                Neo-classical era is basically known as era in literature as writers and poets have written about advantages. Sea-journey, island staying etc,. Where hero goes on journey and do some adventures there. Even the politics is also appeared there. While we read neo-classified literature we find it was time of adventure, politics, new inventions. People discuss about it all in “coffee houses”.

                The very famous prose writes Jonathan Swift, Addison and steel, Daniel Defoe etc.. In their all works we can consider it as neo-classical literature.

 Jonathan Swift and Daniel Dafoe both have written such similar things because its reflect situation of that time because both of them are from Neo-classical but sometimes they were differs from each other, They described one thing with their own point of view and that make them different from each other.

Here we discuss it with the reference of two books,

                While we discuss both novels we final there were many similarities and many different things between both novels.

BOTH PROTAGONISTS GO ON JOURNEY:-

                Here we see both protagonists of novels go in journey for adventure. Gulliver has family and he go in Sea for journey because an that period. The English people have started to go to sea or any Island and when he comes back he told his story of adventure on that journey. Same described in Crusoe and Gulliver.

                The both heroes travel on such Island which are mysterical because the journey of Gulliver is nothing more than surprises because the people of,

·         Lilliput

·         Brobdingnag

·         Laputa

·         Balnibarbi

·         Luggnagg

·         Glubbdubdrib

·         Japan

·         Hounyhnhnms

All are totally different from our common people. Even when Crusoe go on that the people of that Island are quite different. So he made one boy (to whom he gave name as Friday) his servant. Than the journey was started.

EFFECT OF WAR:-

                Robinson Crusoe and “Gulliver’s Travels” both described war, gun powder, gun to those [people of Island. Which described the effect of war. It was the time when English people have started to go in journey and Island, there they establish their rule.

                In the second voyage of Brobdingnag, Gulliver also said about gun powder to the king, but the king said it was inhumiliat act to kill so many people like this. Even he was wondered:

                                       “how this little creature is harmful in his country”

                Robinson used a gun to impress or fear Friday. He kill a flying bird and after watering that. The boy was feared and surrender himself to the Crusoe. Here Crusoe don’t know the name of that man but so he gave him name as “Friday” and he teach him how to use gun.

                In both parts we can see that the people of Brobdingnag and that Island, both are totally innocence and also believe in humanity. During that era English people has spread knowledge of gun and industrialization. When Gulliver talk about chargeable and extensive war the king said,

                                                   “ You must be a quarrelsome

                                                    People, or live among very

                                                   Bad Neighbors, and that

                                    Your generals must needs

                                    Be richer than your kings.”

This shows that the king of Brobdingnag is a innocence when he give this statement as well as the Friday was also innocent because when he saw gun and with the use of that a man can kill anyone from far distance. This show the research and new invention of weapon in England is also reflected in literature

SO CALLED ‘CIVILIZATION’

                While we read literature we find that it was prime aim of literature to civilize people. The aim of religion is also to civilize people but it’s always happen the concept is ruined in the end.  

               

                                                “when one civilized

                                                  Society established

                                     one original culture of them was died

                                                 With birth of civilization”

In every literature we find that people want to made other civilized, teach them manner, the way to live life and at that time the original culture of those society were died.

                Here we find that sometimes, Swift and Dafoe stand opposite to each other. Because

                                                    “in the all voyages

                                                  Gulliver has surrender

                                                    Himself to the people

                             Of every Island while Crusoe has done opposite

                                                  He was used gun and

                                               On the name of civilization

                                  He has killed their original

                                 Culture and ruled there.”

We believe that society is always ruled by a king (a man) but when Swift write fourth voyage we find that the kingdom was should by Houyhnhnms. Which is not believe for us but as story run we find that kingdom was running smoothly.

                                       “Here Gulliver has Surrender himself to

                                        The houyhnhnms and Also he want to

                                                             Spent life there”

Here on the name of so called civilization. Actually the killed original face and give them mask of civilization or civilized people.

MASTER-SLAVE RELATIONSHIP:-

                The master-slave relationship is also appeared in neo-classical literature. We can see it also in “Gulliver’s Travels” and “Robinson Crusoe”. This relationship is without any emotion or feeling. The servant of slave is always afraid of his master and master is always ruled on him.

This master-slave relationship come in to existence when one try to rule over on others. When he become succeed in his aim this relationship established. We all know literature is aim this relationship established. We all know literature is reflection of society so whatever is going in society is always reflected in literature.

                The master-slave relationship is established between Friday and Crusoe when, he gave him name as “Friday” because Crusoe can’t understand his language and he establish master-slave relationship.

                         “When Crusoe gave Him name as “Friday”

                          He wearer a mask Of Friday and his

                         Original face was hiding behind Mask.”

                Here he became master of Friday, while in Gulliver’s Travels he travelled many Island but he was never tried to do like this.

According to Aristotle:-

                                       “Who is enable to live in

                                         Society or has no need

                                         Because he is sufficient

                                         For himself, must be either

                                         A beast or a god”   

Crusoe become creator for Dafoe, but while we see he was doing evil act because to kill any culture is something like evil act.

                We people or mankind are generally believe that animal are our slave and they are to serve us. If they will not than master hurt them. When we see the voyage of Houyhnhnm, our all this mentality broke down in one push.

                Gulliver tried to ride the horses or Houyhnhnm but there, he found. They are masters and ruled over humans. He described when he tried to ride Houyhnhnm.

                                             “This animal seeming to Receive my civilities with

                                               Disdain, shook his Head. And bent his

                                               Brown, softly raising Up his left fore-boot

                                               To remove my hands.”

                When he saw that he didn’t try much to rule over them. And surrender him. Even when he traveled to “Lilliput” an Island of tiny people, he was huge but he surrenders himself to the king to Lilliput.

                Gulliver represented Swift and his thought, he believe and his hatred for mankind as he described in Houyhnhnm’s Island. It was real face of mankind behind mask of civilization. He make Gulliver’s tell,

                “I expressed my uneasiness

                At his giving me, so often

                The appellation of yahoo,

                An odious animal. For which

                A had so utter and hatred”

                He hate the race not mankind because race is always greedy while individual is always inspired by other. If he was alone than he may a good mankind.

THE HERO-AS INDIVIDUAL AND WITH FAMILY:-

                Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe both has created such a hero who are very brave and able to adjust in every situations. In the beginning of both novels, both heroes are living with family but they both were inspired to go to see and prove their ability.

                In the beginning of Gulliver’s travels he said,

                                                               “My good Master Bates dying In two  years after, and I

                                                                Having few friends, my Business began to fail,

                                                                For my conscience would not Suffer me to imitate the bad

                                                                Practice of too many among My Brethren. Having therefore

                                                               Consulted with my Wife, and Some of my Acquaintance,

                                                               Determined to go to sea again. I was surgeon successively in

                                                                Two- ships…..

                This shows that he was failure in business in his early life. He used to go on journey with same ship as surgeon. He was not too much attached with his wife. When he come back from any journey  He cannot survive with family as they he habituated to live alone among various kind of people.

                Gulliver was looking like hero when he is on journey and also he is a good individual but his existence was changed when he is with family because there is nothing to wonder. And he always face problems. He is no more hero when he is with family.

Crusoe has go on journey to earn money. His father refused him for own business so he went on sea to find Island and earn money. This aim is appeared when he go on Island and meet one boy and he gave him name as “Friday” he was  not made him friend but his servant with use of guns. Here we can see h has civilized Friday. Crusoe become the king. The lord the master, the emperor etc.. he become the creator of the world, his own world. He creates a sovereign state.

                                       “Defoe deals with growth

                                         And development of Individual

                                          In solitude he tried to

                                        Create the Utopian environment

                                          In the absence of society”

                Here both hero deals with family in the beginning which symbolized Society. And at the end also they come back to home, again live with family. The aim of Crusoe was fulfilled. He earn money so he live happily with family but Gulliver cannot survive easily as he has experience of various Island and their people. When one man comes from different culture easily he cannot adjust himself in that society is described here.

CONCLUSION:-

                Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift both are writer of Neo-classical age when people were inspired to go in journey and adventures. Both has described different Island but somewhere they are similar and somewhere distinguish from each other.

                Satire in society and so called civilization is also described here. We can see reflection of English Society on that time is described by both JONATHAN Swift and Daniel Defoe. Thus both novels are stand on such position in the world of literature as historical, biographical
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