TOPIC:
COMPARISON BETWEEN ROBINSON
CRUSOE AND GULLIVER’S TRAVELS
NAME: AMI
SOJITRA
COURSE:THE NEO-CLASSICAL LITERATURE
ROLL
NO.:34
ENROLLMENT NO.:PG15101034
SUBMITTED
TO: SMT.S.B.GARDI DEPERTMENT OF ENGLISH(MKBU)
Comparison between “Robinson Crusoe”
and “Gulliver’s Travels”
Introduction
Neo-classical
era is basically known as era in literature as writers and poets have written
about advantages. Sea-journey, island staying etc,. Where hero goes on journey
and do some adventures there. Even the politics is also appeared there. While we
read neo-classified literature we find it was time of adventure, politics, new
inventions. People discuss about it all in “coffee houses”.
The
very famous prose writes Jonathan Swift, Addison and steel, Daniel Defoe etc..
In their all works we can consider it as neo-classical literature.
Jonathan Swift and
Daniel Dafoe both have written such similar things because its reflect
situation of that time because both of them are from Neo-classical but
sometimes they were differs from each other, They described one thing with
their own point of view and that make them different from each other.
Here we discuss it with the
reference of two books,
While
we discuss both novels we final there were many similarities and many different
things between both novels.
BOTH PROTAGONISTS GO ON JOURNEY:-
Here we
see both protagonists of novels go in journey for adventure. Gulliver has
family and he go in Sea for journey because an that period. The English people
have started to go to sea or any Island and when he comes back he told his story
of adventure on that journey. Same described in Crusoe and Gulliver.
The
both heroes travel on such Island which are mysterical because the journey of
Gulliver is nothing more than surprises because the people of,
·
Lilliput
·
Brobdingnag
·
Laputa
·
Balnibarbi
·
Luggnagg
·
Glubbdubdrib
·
Japan
·
Hounyhnhnms
All are totally different from our
common people. Even when Crusoe go on that the people of that Island are quite
different. So he made one boy (to whom he gave name as Friday) his servant.
Than the journey was started.
EFFECT OF WAR:-
Robinson
Crusoe and “Gulliver’s Travels” both described war, gun powder, gun to those
[people of Island. Which described the effect of war. It was the time when
English people have started to go in journey and Island, there they establish
their rule.
In the
second voyage of Brobdingnag, Gulliver also said about gun powder to the king,
but the king said it was inhumiliat act to kill so many people like this. Even
he was wondered:
“how this little creature is harmful in his
country”
Robinson
used a gun to impress or fear Friday. He kill a flying bird and after watering
that. The boy was feared and surrender himself to the Crusoe. Here Crusoe don’t
know the name of that man but so he gave him name as “Friday” and he teach him
how to use gun.
In both
parts we can see that the people of Brobdingnag and that Island, both are
totally innocence and also believe in humanity. During that era English people
has spread knowledge of gun and industrialization. When Gulliver talk about
chargeable and extensive war the king said,
“ You must
be a quarrelsome
People, or
live among very
Bad Neighbors, and that
Your generals must needs
Be richer
than your kings.”
This shows that the king of
Brobdingnag is a innocence when he give this statement as well as the Friday
was also innocent because when he saw gun and with the use of that a man can
kill anyone from far distance. This show the research and new invention of
weapon in England is also reflected in literature
SO CALLED ‘CIVILIZATION’
While
we read literature we find that it was prime aim of literature to civilize
people. The aim of religion is also to civilize people but it’s always happen
the concept is ruined in the end.
“when one civilized
Society established
one
original culture of them was died
With birth of civilization”
In every literature we find that
people want to made other civilized, teach them manner, the way to live life
and at that time the original culture of those society were died.
Here
we find that sometimes, Swift and Dafoe stand opposite to each other. Because
“in the all
voyages
Gulliver has
surrender
Himself to
the people
Of every Island while Crusoe has
done opposite
He was used gun and
On the name of
civilization
He has killed
their original
Culture and
ruled there.”
We believe that society is always
ruled by a king (a man) but when Swift write fourth voyage we find that the
kingdom was should by Houyhnhnms. Which is not believe for us but as story run
we find that kingdom was running smoothly.
“Here Gulliver has
Surrender himself to
The houyhnhnms and Also he want to
Spent life there”
Here on the name of so called
civilization. Actually the killed original face and give them mask of
civilization or civilized people.
MASTER-SLAVE RELATIONSHIP:-
The
master-slave relationship is also appeared in neo-classical literature. We can
see it also in “Gulliver’s Travels” and “Robinson Crusoe”. This relationship is
without any emotion or feeling. The servant of slave is always afraid of his
master and master is always ruled on him.
This master-slave relationship come
in to existence when one try to rule over on others. When he become succeed in
his aim this relationship established. We all know literature is aim this
relationship established. We all know literature is reflection of society so
whatever is going in society is always reflected in literature.
The
master-slave relationship is established between Friday and Crusoe when, he
gave him name as “Friday” because Crusoe can’t understand his language and he
establish master-slave relationship.
“When Crusoe gave Him name as “Friday”
He wearer a mask Of Friday and his
Original face was hiding behind Mask.”
Here he
became master of Friday, while in Gulliver’s Travels he travelled many Island
but he was never tried to do like this.
According to
Aristotle:-
“Who is enable to live
in
Society or has no need
Because he is sufficient
For himself, must be either
A beast or a god”
Crusoe become creator for Dafoe,
but while we see he was doing evil act because to kill any culture is something
like evil act.
We
people or mankind are generally believe that animal are our slave and they are
to serve us. If they will not than master hurt them. When we see the voyage of
Houyhnhnm, our all this mentality broke down in one push.
Gulliver
tried to ride the horses or Houyhnhnm but there, he found. They are masters
and ruled over humans. He described when he tried to ride Houyhnhnm.
“This animal seeming
to Receive my civilities with
Disdain, shook his Head. And bent his
Brown, softly raising Up his left fore-boot
To remove my hands.”
When he
saw that he didn’t try much to rule over them. And surrender him. Even when he
traveled to “Lilliput” an Island of tiny people, he was huge but he surrenders
himself to the king to Lilliput.
Gulliver
represented Swift and his thought, he believe and his hatred for mankind as he
described in Houyhnhnm’s Island. It was real face of mankind behind mask of
civilization. He make Gulliver’s tell,
“I
expressed my uneasiness
At his
giving me, so often
The
appellation of yahoo,
An
odious animal. For which
A had
so utter and hatred”
He hate
the race not mankind because race is always greedy while individual is always
inspired by other. If he was alone than he may a good mankind.
THE HERO-AS INDIVIDUAL AND WITH
FAMILY:-
Jonathan Swift and Daniel Defoe
both has created such a hero who are very brave and able to adjust in every
situations. In the beginning of both novels, both heroes are living with family
but they both were inspired to go to see and prove their ability.
In the
beginning of Gulliver’s travels he said,
“My good Master Bates
dying In two years after, and I
Having few friends, my Business began to fail,
For my conscience would not Suffer me to imitate the bad
Practice of too many among My Brethren. Having therefore
Consulted
with my Wife, and Some of my Acquaintance,
Determined to go
to sea again. I was surgeon successively in
Two- ships…..
This
shows that he was failure in business in his early life. He used to go on
journey with same ship as surgeon. He was not too much attached with his wife.
When he come back from any journey He cannot
survive with family as they he habituated to live alone among various kind of
people.
Gulliver
was looking like hero when he is on journey and also he is a good individual
but his existence was changed when he is with family because there is nothing
to wonder. And he always face problems. He is no more hero when he is with
family.
Crusoe has go on journey to earn money. His father refused
him for own business so he went on sea to find Island and earn money. This aim
is appeared when he go on Island and meet one boy and he gave him name as
“Friday” he was not made him friend but
his servant with use of guns. Here we can see h has civilized Friday. Crusoe become
the king. The lord the master, the emperor etc.. he become the creator of the
world, his own world. He creates a sovereign state.
“Defoe deals with growth
And development of
Individual
In solitude he tried to
Create
the Utopian environment
In the absence of
society”
Here
both hero deals with family in the beginning which symbolized Society. And at
the end also they come back to home, again live with family. The aim of Crusoe
was fulfilled. He earn money so he live happily with family but Gulliver cannot
survive easily as he has experience of various Island and their people. When
one man comes from different culture easily he cannot adjust himself in that
society is described here.
CONCLUSION:-
Daniel
Defoe and Jonathan Swift both are writer of Neo-classical age when people were
inspired to go in journey and adventures. Both has described different Island
but somewhere they are similar and somewhere distinguish from each other.
Satire
in society and so called civilization is also described here. We can see
reflection of English Society on that time is described by both JONATHAN Swift
and Daniel Defoe. Thus both novels are stand on such position in the world of
literature as historical, biographical
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